The role of taxes and benefits in protecting household incomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: An analysis of seven Latin American countries

• Book chapter
• Oct 2025
• Arancibia Cristina , Chang Rodrigo , Dondo Mariana , Huesca Luis , Jara Tamayo Holguer Xavier , Llamas Linda , Macas Romero David , Riella Rebeca , Rodriguez David , Torres Javier , Urraburu Joana
• Jouste, Kanbur, Pirttilä, Rattenhuber (eds.), Poor Protection: The Role of Taxes and Social Benefits in the Developing World During Crises

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic drastically affected household incomes around the world. In developed economies, pre-pandemic tax–benefit policies and emergency transfers mitigated to a large extent the negative income shock. However, less is known about the effect of government intervention on household incomes in developing countries. The aim of this chapter is to assess in a comparative way the role of tax–benefit policies in protecting household incomes during the pandemic in seven Latin American countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay. Departing from previous studies, we assess the effects both of expanded social assistance programmes and of automatic stabilizers (i.e. pre-pandemic taxes and benefits). We find an important cushioning effect of emergency policies at the bottom of the pre-pandemic income distribution, whereas automatic stabilizers are mostly present at the top of the distribution as a result of reduced social insurance and tax payments during the pandemic.